Assam wetlands offer potential for makhana cultivation, experts say
Experts suggest a scientific approach to harness the state's wetlands for fox nut production to boost rural employment.
Assam's extensive wetland resources could be used for makhana cultivation to encourage agricultural diversification and rural entrepreneurship, according to The Assam Tribune. Experts have called for a market-oriented and scientific strategy to develop the sector.
Dr Ramani Kanta Thakuria, Director of Open and Distance Learning at Assam Agricultural University (AAU), stated that the state possesses nearly one lakh hectares of natural wetlands. While a formal survey has not been conducted, the area of natural growth is estimated to be between 40,000 and 50,000 hectares.
Dr Thakuria noted that the state's high rainfall, abundant water, and humid subtropical climate are favourable for the crop. He suggested that the field method could be used in low-lying areas where paddy farming is not economically viable, as makhana requires less water than paddy.
Dr Ranjita Bezbaruah, a scientist at AAU, said that a lack of awareness is a significant constraint. She noted that shallow ponds, lowland rice fields, and water bodies are suitable for the crop, but scientific cultivation is needed for sufficient seed production.
Dr Thakuria mentioned that the field method requires water depths of 1 to 1.5 feet and provides higher productivity than traditional methods. However, he warned that the traditional system requires about three metres of water and is threatened by climate change and fluctuating water levels.
The expert also emphasised the need for quality control, scientific land-use planning, and agro-climatic mapping. Strengthening local production could help meet demand in the Northeast and reach international markets, given that a makhana-popping industry already exists in Assam.